Starting new plants from hardwood cuttings is a slow but reliable way to grow free plants for your garden. This method is done in the late fall or early spring, and works with many deciduous shrubs and vines. I will walk you through a basic step-by-step overview that works for the 38 shrubs and vines listed below. Once you see how simple it is, you will be a propagating fanatic. This is an excellent skill to have if you are a frugal gardener or want to produce plants for friends or plant sales.
For more, see When to Take Plant Cuttings | Free Printable Garden Calendar. You can get step-by-step instructions for spring softwood cuttings here.
How to Start New Plants from Hardwood Cuttings
With each plant species, there are usually several ways to grow new plants from existing ones, and each method depends on the season and characteristics of the species.
For this tutorial, we are using hardwood cuttings from (many) deciduous shrubs. These are shrubs and vines that drop their mature leaves and go dormant for the winter.
Hardwood is the fully mature section of plant shoots—the parts that will not bend in your hands—as opposed to the younger, pliable softwood growth that you can bend and twist.
We take hardwood cuttings for rooting in late autumn when the plant is going dormant for the winter, or in early spring before buds form and open. The example shown here is for late fall.
Overall, each cane provides several cuttings and for every 10 cuttings, I get about 6-7 new plants, but this can really vary, so do more than you need.
I say be patient because it does take about a year, and sometimes longer, for good, strong roots to form. But, the advantage is that the cuttings are hardy and can be kept outdoors all year-round. If you have room to stash a container outside or can spare part of a garden bed, it’s really very little effort for a lot of plants. Besides keeping them watered when actively growing, there is nothing to do but cheer them on.
Scroll down to see a list of plants you use for hardwood cuttings.
How to Take Hardwood Cuttings
This video shows the process.
Plants to Propagate from Hardwood Cuttings
These suggestions come from my own experiments and those of other gardeners. If you have success rooting hardwood cuttings other plants not listed here, please let me know.
| Abelia Abelia spp. Bittersweet Celastrus spp. Blueberry Vaccinium spp. Broom Cytisus spp. Butterfly bush Buddeja spp. Currants Dogwood Cornus spp. Deutzia Deutzia spp. Elder Sambucus spp. Euonymus Euonymus spp. Fig Ficus spp. Forsythia Forsythia spp. Gooseberries Ribes spp. Grape Vitis spp. Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos Honeysuckle Lonicera spp. Hydrangea Ivy, Boston Parthenocussus tricuspidata Jasmine Jasminum spp. Laburnum Laburnum spp. |
Mock orange Philadelphus spp. Mulberry Morus spp. Ninebark Physocarpus spp. Plane Platanus spp. Poplars Populus spp. Privet Ligustrum spp. Pussywillow Salix spp. Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus Rose Rosa spp. Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia Sand cherry Prunus spp. Spiraea Spiraea spp Snowberry bush Symphoricarpos spp. Trumpet creeper Campsis spp. Virburnum Virburnum spp. Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Weigela Weigela spp. Willow Salix spp. |
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Step-by-Step Instructions
Please keep in mind that these instructions provide a general overview and results will vary depending on the plant, its preferences for propagation, and growing conditions. Once you see the process, you can look up tips for specific plant types as needed.
Timing
- Take hardwood cuttings from deciduous shrubs and vines (see the suggested plant list) in the fall, after ‘leaf drop’, and before the ground is frozen.
Clean Pruners
- First, always clean your pruners or knife with rubbing alcohol, or, 1-part bleach and 9-parts water to prevent the spread of disease.
Selecting Hardwood Canes/Stems from Mother Plant
- Choose new, straight, hardwood canes (from the past year) that are approximately 1/2″ thick.
- Early morning is the best time to take cuttings.
Leaf Nodes
- The cuts will be made above and below the leaf nodes.
- These are the little nubs on the canes where leaves grow from.
Removing Hardwood Canes/Stems from Mother Plant
- When removing the cane from the mother plant, make a straight cut near the base of the plant, directly below a leaf node. This should be hardwood, not softwood.
- Be careful never to damage the nodes when cutting.
- Place the base of the cane in warm water.
- Next, you will prepare the cuttings for rooting.
Preparing Cuttings from the Canes/Stems
- On your cane/stem, count 4 leaf nodes from the base cut.
- Just above the top/4th leaf node, make an angled cut. Check the video to see how I’ve angled mine away from the leaf node.
- Remove any leaves and buds from the bottom 3 nodes. Any growth can remain on the top/4th node.
Base versus Top
- We can always tell the base from the top because the base has a straight cut and the top has an angled cut.
Preparing More Cuttings from the Leftover Cane/Stem
- If there is more hardwood on the rest of the cane, you can prepare more cuttings from it. To check, make sure it’s 1/2″ thick and hardwood (not bendable).
Rooting Hormone
- Use rooting hormone made specifically for hardwood cuttings if you can find one, and follow the instructions on the product label.
- Dispense some rooting hormone powder in a separate dish.
- Dry off the base of the cane and dip it in the powder.
- Tap of the excess and place the cane in growing medium.
Growing Medium
- Growing medium options include coarse builder’s sand (not fine sand), coarse grit (I use bags of coarse poultry grit from the farm supply store), or a mixture of peat, perlite, and compost. If you have a friendly local grower, ask them what they like best.
Planting Depth
- Plant the cutting so that two nodes are in the growing medium and the top two are above the soil.
Containers or in a Garden Bed
- For containers, you can use winter-proof pots, plastic bins with drainage holes, or plant directly in a garden bed with the right growing medium.
Planting the Cutting
- Before inserting the cuttings, make a hole (using a pencil or dibber) or trough in the growing medium. This will prevent the medium from rubbing off the rooting hormone.
- Plant each cutting so that the two bottom nodes are buried in the growing medium, and the top two are above the soil. The roots are going to grow from the bottom nodes.
Use plant tags to keep track of everything.
Water & Wait
- Give everything a nice, deep watering, firm down the growing medium, and stash the container in the garden. A sheltered but sunny location is usually the best.
- If high winds and icy conditions are likely, mulch your cuttings with straw.
Watch for Animals
- If you have rabbits, deer, or vermin, you may need to add a barrier to keep them from snacking on your cuttings when food is scare during the winter.
Winter
- The cuttings will be dormant over the winter.
Spring
- In spring, you should resume watering. New growth should appear on the top two nodes. This is a sign that new roots are forming.
- During the spring and summer, you should see continuous growth.
Next Fall
- By fall, most types of plants are ready for proper planting in your garden.
- Growth will vary by species (of course). Some will be vigorous; others will be slow growers. Just like us.
Year-Round Plant Cuttings Calendar
See the list for spring softwood, summer semi-ripe, and fall hardwood cuttings.
I hope you will give this a try. And happy growing.
~Melissa the Empress of Dirt ♛
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Marjorie Carpenter says
I’ve done stem cuttings for a number of years. If I have 12 cuttings and get 3 to take I feel I’m successful! So disappointing when they don’t. I hope I find better methods to make all this more fun. So enjoy your site. Thanks.
Glenda Berman says
My method is to take lower branches on shrubs, cut halfway through, apply rooting powder and then make a trench to lay the branch in and cover with soil. I usually use a rock to weight the branch down so that it stays under the soil. It usually takes a couple of months to root but this way I have a large plant to cut from the mother plant.
Linda at Mixed Kreations says
I use to start my own plants by cutting but haven’t tried it in a while. But since I’ve moved and I’m trying to get more plants going I think that I will give it a try again. I would like to try starting more Lantana, Texas saga, and pomegranate tree. Thanks for sharing your method.
Melissa J. Will says
Hi Linda, I’d love to hear how it goes since you have plants there that I can’t grow here. 🙂